LncRNA ES3 Is Upregulated in High-Grade CRC and Its Expression Is Elevated Along with Increasing Tumor Size

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran.

2 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

Cancer Stem Cell (CSC) is known as a minor percentage of tumor cells inside various malignancies with shared common features with embryonic stem cells such as self-renewal capability and pluripotency. It is believed that not only stemness transcription factors but also pluripotent lncRNAs regulate various aspects of CSCs. It was demonstrated that the embryonic lncRNAs regulate the main features of these cells through interacting with ESC-associated transcription factors. LncRNA ES3 is a pluripotent lncRNA that was demonstrated to sustain the stemness status of human embryonic stem cells. However, there is little evidence for its contributory role in tumorigenesis. Therefore, in the present study, the possible expression of ES3 transcript in collected Colorectal Cancer (CRC) tissues and their non-tumor marginal samples were explored by employing the RT-qPCR strategy. Then, we accomplished a survival analysis of ES3 based on the TCGA database. Inconsistent with metadata, our results revealed that the ES3 expression markedly increased in CRC tissues rather than non-tumor marginal specimens. Furthermore, we detected that the ES3 expression meaningfully increased in high-grade and high-stage CRC tissues compared to low-grade and low-stage ones, respectively. Moreover, ES3 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues along with increasing tumor size of CRC samples. Our findings, for the first time, demonstrated that lncRNA ES3 is expressed in CRC and its expression may contribute to the tumorigenesis process and progression of CRC. Hence, lncRNA ES3 can be regarded as a new cancer biomarker with possible utility in the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of colorectal cancer.

Keywords

References

Chen N, Guo D, Xu Q, Yang M, Wang D, Peng M, Ding Y, Wang S, Zhou J. 2016. Long non-coding RNA FEZF1-AS1 facilitates cell proliferation and migration in colorectal carcinoma. Oncotarget 7(10): 11271-11283.
Dai W, Li Y, Meng X, Cai S, Li Q, Cai G. 2017. Does tumor size have its prognostic role in colorectal cancer? re-evaluating its value in colorectal adenocarcinoma with different macroscopic growth pattern. Int J Surg 45: 105-112.
Ding J, Lu B, Wang J, Wang J, Shi Y, Lian Y, Zhu Y, Wang J, Fan Y, Wang Z, De, W, Keming W. 2015. Long non-coding RNA Loc554202 induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells via the caspase cleavage cascades. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 34: 1-11.
Fatica A, Bozzoni I. 2014. Long non-coding RNAs: new players in cell differentiation and development. Nat Rev Genet 15(1): 7-21.
Garza-Trevino EN, Said-Fernandez SL, Martinez-Rodriguez HG. 2015. Understanding the colon cancer stem cells and perspectives on treatment. Cancer Cell Int 15(1): 1-9.
Gawlik-Rzemieniewska N, Bednarek I. 2016. The role of NANOG transcriptional factor in the development of malignant phenotype of cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 17(1): 1-10.
Hu W, Alvarez‐Dominguez JR, Lodish HF. 2012. Regulation of mammalian cell differentiation by long non‐coding RNAs. EMBO Rep 13(11): 971-983.
Jafari Oliayi A, Asadi MH. 2018. SNHG6 203 and SNHG6 201 transcripts can be used as contributory factors for a well-timed prognosis and diagnosis of colorectal cancer. J Kerman Uni Med Sci 25(6): 483-492.
Jannat Alipoor F, Asadi MH, Torkzadeh‐Mahani M. 2018. MIAT lncRNA is overexpressed in breast cancer and its inhibition triggers senescence and G1 arrest in MCF7 cell line. J Cell Biochem 119(8): 6470-6481.
Keshavarz M, Asadi MH, Riahi‐Madvar A. 2019. Upregulation of pluripotent long noncoding RNA ES3 in HER2‐positive breast cancer. J Cell Biochem 120(10): 18398-18405.
Keshavarz M, Asadi MH. 2019. Long non‐coding RNA ES1 controls the proliferation of breast cancer cells by regulating the Oct4/Sox2/miR‐302 axis.  FEBS J 286(13): 2611-2623.
Kim T, Jeon YJ, Cui R, Lee JH, Peng Y, Kim SH, Tili S, Alder H, Croce CM. 2015. Role of MYC-regulated long noncoding RNAs in cell cycle regulation and tumorigenesis. J Natl Cancer Inst 107(4): dju505.
Kornprat P, Pollheimer MJ, Lindtner RA, Schlemmer A, Rehak P, Langner C. 2011. Value of tumor size as a prognostic variable in colorectal cancer: a critical reappraisal. Am J Clin Oncol 34(1): 43-49.
Li JH, Liu S, Zhou H, Qu LH, Yang JH. 2014. starBase v2. 0: decoding miRNA-ceRNA, miRNA-ncRNA and protein–RNA interaction networks from large-scale CLIP-Seq data. Nucleic Acids Res 42: 92-97.
Livak K, Schmttigen T. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2−ΔΔCT method. Methods 25(4): 402-408.
Macarthur BD, Ma'ayan A, Lemischka IR. 2009. Systems biology of stem cell fate and cellular reprogramming. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 10(10): 672-681.
Ng SY, Johnson R, Stanton LW. 2012. Human long non-coding RNAs promote pluripotency and neuronal differentiation by association with chromatin modifiers and transcription factors. EMBO J 31(3): 522-533.
Ng SY, Stanton LW. 2013. Long non-coding RNAs in stem cell pluripotency. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA  4(1): 121-128.
Park SJ, Yoon B-H, Kim SK, Kim SY. 2019. GENT2: an updated gene expression database for normal and tumor tissues. BMC Med Genom 12(5): 1-8.
Prensner JR, Iyer MK, Sahu A, Asangani IA, Cao Q, Patel L, …, Chinnaiyan AM. 2013. The long noncoding RNA SChLAP1 promotes aggressive prostate cancer and antagonizes the SWI/SNF complex. Nat Genet 45(11): 1392-1398.
Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF,Weissman IL. 2001. Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature 414(6859): 105-111.
Rezanejad Bardaji H, Asadi MH, Yaghoobi MM. 2018. Long noncoding RNA VIM-AS1 promotes colorectal cancer progression and metastasis by inducing EMT. Eur J Cell Biol 97(4): 279-288.
Seigal RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. 2020. Cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin 70: 145-164
Singh A, Settleman J. 2010. EMT, cancer stem cells and drug resistance: an emerging axis of evil in the war on cancer. Oncogene 29(34): 4741-4751.
Spizzo R, Almeida MI, Colombatti A, Calin GA. 2012. Long non-coding RNAs and cancer: a new frontier of translational research? Oncogene 31(43): 4577-4587.
Wang F, Ni H, Sun F, Li M, Chen L. 2016. Overexpression of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 correlates with poor prognosis and promotes tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 81: 152-159.
Yu Z, Pestell TG, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. 2012. Cancer stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 44(12): 2144-2151.
Zhang J, Espinoza LA, Kinders RJ, Lawrence SM, Pfister TD, Zhou M, Veenstra TD, Thorgeirsson SS, Jessup JM. 2013. NANOG modulates stemness in human colorectal cancer. Oncogene 32(37): 4397-4405.
Zhao J, Xu J, Shang A, Zhang R. 2018. A six-LncRNA expression signature associated with prognosis of colorectal cancer patients. Cell Physiol Biochem 50(5): 1882-1890.
Journal of Genetic Resources
Volume 8, Issue 1
February 2022
Pages 7-15

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics