The Effect of Exogenous Application of Gibberellic Acid and Girdling on Characters of Grapes (Vitis vinifera) cv. Yaghoot

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran

2 Horticulture Department, Collage of Sciences, Gonabad University, Gonabad, Iran

Abstract

‘Yaghoot’ grape cultivar is the earliest cultivar known in the history of Iran. The main problem of this cultivar is the compactness and small size of its berries, under the influenced genes that are controlled mainly by Gibberellic Acid (GA3). Those undesirable traits reduce customer interest and profitability. To alleviate these problems, we used GA3 and carried out Girdling (G) to enhance the quantitative and qualitative characteristics. The GA3 treatment was used at four concentrations, i.e.: 0, 60, 90, and 120 mg/l, and was sprayed on plants three times (i.e.: 10 days before flowering, in the midst, and after flowering). The G treatment has achieved the proximity of the branch bases during the formation of berries. In this experiment, various morphological and biochemical traits were measured. The results exhibited that the GA3 and G treatments significantly positively affected the fruits' quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Both treatments were observed to increase the berry length, berry weight, berry diameter, berry width, cluster width, cluster length, cluster weight, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, proline, malondialdehyde, H2O2 content, total phenolic content, anthocyanin content, ascorbate content, flavonoids content, antioxidant capacity, catalase activity, peroxidase activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and ascorbate peroxidase activity. The interaction between the GA3 and G showed that they significantly increased the berry weight, proline content, antioxidant capacity, ascorbate content, peroxidase activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, ascorbate peroxidase activity, catalase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity. Those treatments are promising treatments that can help improve the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of ‘Yaghoot’ grapes.

Keywords

References

Abu-Zinada IA. 2015. Effect of GA3, Girdling or pruning on yield and qality of 'Parletta' seedless grape. Am J Agri For 3(5): 230-233.
Alrashdi AM, Al-Qurashi AD, Awad MA, Mohamed, SA. Al-rashdi, AA. 2017. Quality, antioxidant compounds, antioxidant capacity and enzymes activity of ‘El-Bayadi’table grapes at harvest as affected by preharvest salicylic acid and gibberellic acid spray. Sci Hortic 220: 243-249.
Alscher RG, Erturk N. Heath LS. 2002. Role of superoxide dismutases (SODs) in controlling oxidative stress in plants.        J Exp Bot 53(372): 1331-1341.
Anjum SN, Muhammad AF, Rafique R, Monis H. 2020. Effect of gibberellic acid on berry yield and quality attributes of grapes Pure Appl Biol 9(2): 1319-1324.
Basile T, Alba V, Gentilesco G, Savino M, Tarricone L. 2018. Anthocyanins pattern variation in relation to thinning andgirdling in commercial Sugrathirteen® table grape. Sci Hortic 227: 202-206.
Bates LS, Waldren RP, Teare ID .1973. Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. J Plant Soil 39(1): 205-207.
Ferrara G, Mazzeo A, Netti G, Pacucci C, Matarrese AMS, Cafagna I., ..., Gallo V. 2014. Girdling, gibberellic acid, and forchlorfenuron: effects on yield, quality, and metabolic profile of table grape cv. Italia. Am J Enol Vitic 65(3): 381-387.
Chai L, Li Y, Chen S, Perl A, Zhao F, Ma H. 2014. RNA sequencing reveals high resolution expression change of major plant hormone pathway genes after young seedless grape berries treated with gibberellin. Plant Sci 229: 215-224
Cheng C, Xu X, Singer SD, Li J, Zhang H, Gao M. 2013. Effect of GA3 treatment on seed development and seed-related gene expression in grape. PLoS ONE 8(11): e80044.
Dhindsa RS, Plumb-Dhindsa P, Thorpe TA.1981. Leaf senescence: correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. J Exp Bot 32(1): 93-101.
Eleonora N, Alina D, Dobrei A, Camen D, Matti GB. 2018. Cane girdling and gibberellic acid effects on yield and fruit quality of (Vitis vinifera L.) cv. Victoria and Italia. J Hortic Sci Biotechnol 22(1): 105- 110.
El-kenawy, MA. 2018. Effect of spraying jasmonic acid and girdling on growth, yield and improving fruits quality of Crimson seedless grapevine. Egypt J Hortic 45(1): 25-37.
Figueiredo-González M, Cancho-Grande B, Boso S, Santiago JL, Martínez MC, Simal-Gándara J. 2013. Evolution of flavonoids in Mouratón berries taken from both bunch halves. Food Chem 138(2-3):1868-1877.
Fortes AM, Teixeira RT, Agudelo-Romero P. 2015. Complex interplay of hormonal signals during grape berry ripening. Molecules 20(5): 9326-9343.
Foyer CH, Noctor G. 2005. Redox homeostasis and antioxidant signaling: a metabolic interface between stress perception and physiological responses. Plant Cell 17(7): 1866-1875.
Gao XT, Wu MH, Sun D, Li HQ, Chen WK, Yang HY, Liu FQ, Wang QC, Wang YY, Wang J, He F. 2020. Effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) application before anthesis on rachis elongation and berry quality and aroma and flavour compounds in Vitis vinifera L.‘Cabernet Franc’and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’grapes. J Sci Food Agric 100(9): 3729-3740.
Guerios IT, Chiarotti F, Cuquel FL. Biasi, LA. 2014. Growth regulators improve bunch and berry characteristics in 'Niagara Rosada'grape. In XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): IV 1115 (pp. 243-248).
Van den Heuvel KJPT, Barendse GWM, Wullems GJ. 2008. Effect of gibberellic acid on cell division and cell elongation in anthers of the gibberellin deficient gib-1 mutant of tomato. Plant Biol 3(02): 124-131.
Hoff JE, Singleton KI. 1977. A method for determination of tannins in foods by means of immobilized protein. J Food Sci 42(6):1566-1569.
Jadhav U, Mundhe S, Kumar Y, Jogaiah S, Upadhyay A, Gupta VS. Kadoo NY. 2020. Gibberellic acid induces unique molecular responses in ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes as revealed by non-targeted metabolomics. J Plant Growth Regul 40(1):293-304.
Kadkhodaie A, Razmjoo J, Zahedi, M. 2013. Peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities in drought sensitive, intermediate and resistance sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) genotypes. Int. J. Agron 4(11):3012-3021.
Kaplan M, Najda A, Klimek K. Borowy A. 2019. Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) inflorescence application on content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant potential of grape (Vitis L.) 'Einset Seedless' berries. South African J Enol Vitic 40 (1):1-10.
Khan ZU, Aisikaer G, Khan RU, Bu J, Jiang Z, Ni Z. Ying, T. 2014. Effects of composite chemical pretreatment on maintaining quality in button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) during postharvest storage. Postharvest Biol Technol 95: 36-41.
Khazaei Z, Esmaielpour B, Estaji, A. 2020. Ameliorative effects of ascorbic acid on tolerance to drought stress on pepper (Capsicum annuum L) plants. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 26(8): 1649-1662.
Khazaei Z, Estaji A. 2020: Effect of foliar application of ascorbic acid on sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants under drought stress. Acta Physiol Plant 42(7): 1-12.
Kok D, Bal E. 2017. Chemical and non-chemical thinning treatments influence berry growth and composition of Cv. Shiraz wine grape (V. vinifera L.). Erwerbs-Obstba 59(4): 269-273.
Kovacs D, Kalmar E, Torok Z, Tompa P.2008. Chaperone activity of ERD10 and ERD14, two disordered stress-related plant proteins. Plant Physiol 147, p. 381
Kumar R, Singh SP, Tiwari A, Maji S, Patodar VL. 2017. Effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) on fruit yield and quality of Cape gooseberry (Physalis Peruviana L.) Arajesh. Int J Adv Biol Res 7(4):724-727.
Loreti G, Povero G, Novi C, Solfanelli A, Pierdomenico P. 2008. Gibberellins, jasmonate and abscisic acid modulate the sucrose-induced expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis. New Phytologist 179(4): 1004-1016.
Munoz-Robredo P, Robledo P, Manríquez D, Molina R, Defilippi, BG. 2011. Characterization of sugars and organic acids in commercial varieties of table grapes. Chilean J Agri Res 71(3): 452.
Nakano Y, Asada K, 1981. Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiol 22(5): 867-880.
Nowsheen N, Shama MK, Khalil A, Bhat R. 2017. Influence of exogenous application of plant growth regulators on growth, fruit numbers and leaf and fruit nutrient status of Kiwifruit cv. Hayward. J Life Sci 12(3): 1645-1647.
Pal R, Yadav K, Kumar K, Singh N. 2016. Effect of gibberellic acid and potassium foliar sprays on productivity and physiological and biochemical parameters of parthenocarpic Cucumber cv. ‘Seven Star F1’. Hortic Res 24(1): 93-100.
Pereira CS, Siqueira DLD, Salomão LCC, Cecon PR, Santos DD. 2011. Teores de carboidratos nas folhas e produção de limeiras ácida'Tahiti'aneladas e tratadas com ácido giberélico. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33(3): 706-712.
Reynolds A, Robbins N, Lee HS, Kotsaki E. 2016. Impacts and interactions of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid on sovereign Coronation and Skookum seedless table grapes. Am J Enol Vitic 67(3): 327-338.
Rivas F, Fornes F, Agustí M, 2008. Girdling induces oxidative damage and triggers enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative defences in Citrus leaves. Environ Exp Bot 64(3): 256-263.
Sangeetha J, Sivachandiran S, Selvaskanthan S. 2015. Influence of different application methods of gibberellic acid (GA3) on quality and Yield of Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Int J Res 2(6):10-14.
Shiri Y, Solouki M, Ebrahimie E, Emamjomeh A, Zahiri J.2018. Unraveling the transcriptional complexity of compactness in sistan grape cluster. Plant Sci 270:198-208.
Shiri Y, Solouki M, Ebrahimie E, Emamjomeh A, Zahiri J. 2020. Gibberellin causes wide transcriptional modifications in the early stage of grape cluster development, Genomics 112(1): 820-830.
Silvestre JP, Roberto SR, Colombo RC, Gonçalves LSA, Koyama R, Shahab M, Ahmed S, de Souza RT. 2017. Bunch sizing of ‘BRS Nubia’table grape by inflorescence management, shoot tipping and berry thinning. Sci Hortic 225: 764-770.
Tang GL, Li XY, Lin LS, Zeng FJ. 2016. Impact of girdling and leaf removal on Alhagi sparsifolia leaf senescence. Plant Growth Regul 78(2): 205-216.
Tello J, Ibáñez Marcos J. 2014. Evaluation of indexes for the quantitative and objective estimation of grapevine bunch compactness. Vitis 53(1): 9-16.
Teszlak P, Kocsis M, Gaá K, Nikfardjam MP. 2013. Regulatory effects of exogenous gibberellic acid (GA3) on water relations and CO2 assimilation among grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars. Sci Hortic 159: 41-51.
Tyagi K, Maoz I, Lewinsohn E, Lerno L, Ebeler SE, Lichter A. 2020. Girdling of table grapes at fruit set can divert the phenylpropanoid pathway towards accumulation of proanthocyanidins and change the volatile composition. Plant Sci 296: 110495. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110495.
Wang YH, Zhang G, Chen Y, Gao J, Sun YR, Sun MF, Chen JP. 2019. Exogenous application of gibberellic acid and ascorbic acid improved tolerance of okra seedlings to NaCl stress. Acta Physiol. Plant 41(6): 93. doi: 10.1007/s11738-019-2869-y.
Wientjes E, Ivo HM, Stokkum H, van Amerongen R. 2011. Croce, the role of the individual Lhcas in photosystem I excitation energy trapping. Biophy J 101: 745-754.
Xia EQ, Deng GF, Guo YJ, Li HB. 2010. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. Int J Mol Sci 11(2): 622-646.
Xu X, Guo R, Cheng C, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Wang X. 2013. Overexpression of ALDH2B8, an aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from grapevine, sustains Arabidopsis growth upon salt stress and protects plants against oxidative stress. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult 114(2): 187-196.
Zhao GQ, Zhao Q, Zhou X, Mattei MG. De Crombrugghe B. 1993. TFEC, a basic helix-loop-helix protein, forms heterodimers with TFE3 and inhibits TFE3-dependent transcription activation. Mol Cell Biol 13(8): 4505-4512.
Zhishen J, Mengcheng T. Jianming W. 1999. The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 64(4): 555-559.
Zhou W, Leul M. 1998. Uniconazole-induced alleviation of freezing injury in relation to changes in hormonal balance, enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation in winter rape. Plant Growth Regul 26(1): 41-47.
Journal of Genetic Resources
Volume 8, Issue 2
2022
Pages 207-217

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics