The Natural Variation in Six Populations of Calendula officinalis L.: A Karyotype Study

Document Type : Research Article

Authors

1 Department of Horticulture, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

2 Department of Plant Breeding, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

In the current investigation, karyotype analysis and chromosome characteristics of six populations of Calendula officinalis L.(pot marigold) from Iran are studied. Results showed that all populations were diploid (2n= 2x= 32), and had symmetrical karyotypes composing mainly of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes. The mean chromosome length ranged from 1.05 in Karaj to 1.50 μm in Masjed Soleyman 1. Haploid genome length was in the range of 16.89 to 24.07 μm and mean centromeric index (CI) of complements varied from 0.38 to 0.44, indicating the role of the quantitative genomic changes in the diversification of C. officinalis populations. Cluster analysis using chromosomal parameters and based on the UPGMA method classified studied populations into three major groups. In addition, the principal component analysis revealed the first two components account for 99.8% of the total variance. The results of the present study revealed the natural variation in six populations of C. officinalis, which can further serve conservation and breeding planning.

Keywords

References

Arora D, Rani A, Sharma A. 2013. A review on phytochemistry and ethnopharmacological aspects of genus Calendula. Pharmacogn Rev 7(14): 179-187.
Baciu AD, Pamfil D, Mihalte L, Sestras AF, Sestras RE. 2013. Phenotypic variation and genetic diversity of Calendula officinalis (L.). Bulg J Agri Sci 19(1): 143-151.
Căpraru G, Băra CI, Băra II, Cîmpeanu MM, Maxim E. 2004. The characteristics of mitotic chromosomes at Calendula officinalis L. Gen Biol Mol 2004: 223-225.
Dalgaard V. 1986. Chromosome studies in flowering plants from Macaronesia. Anales Jard Bot Madrid 43(1): 83-111.
Du YP, Bi Y, Zhang MF, Yang FP, Jia GX, Zhang XH. 2017. Genome size diversity in Lilium (Liliaceae) is correlated with karyotype and environmental traits. Front Plant Sci 8: 1303. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01303.
Ebrahimi F, Ghorbani Nohooji M, Miri SM. 2018. Agronomic and pharmacological aspects of Nerium oleander: an important medicinal plant. The First National Congress and International Fair of Medicinal Plants and Strategies for Persian Medicine that Affect Diabetes, 9-11 October 2018, Mashhad, Iran.
Ghasemi E, Hesamzadeh Hejazi SM. 2018. Karyological studies in different populations of Buxus hyrcana (Buxaceae) in Iran. Iran J Bot 24(2): 156-162.
Gill BS, Gupta RC, Bedi YS. 1985. Karyological studies on some cultivated species of Compositae. J Indian Bot Soc 64: 219-225.
Hoffmann MH, Schmuths H, Koch C, Meister A, Fritsch RM. 2010. Comparative analysis of growth, genome size, chromosome numbers and phylogeny of Arabidopsis thaliana and three co-occurring species of the Brassicaceae from Uzbekistan. J Bot 2010: 504613. doi:10.1155/2010/504613.
Honório ICG, Bonfim FPG, Montoya SG, Casali VWD, João Paulo Viana Leite JPV, Cecon PR. 2016. Growth, development and content of flavonoids in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.). Acta Sci Agron 38(1): 69-75.
Jafari E, Assadi M, Ghanbarian GA. 2014. Notes on taxonomic situation of Calenduleae tribe in Iran. IUFS J Biol 73(2): 1-7.
Jan N, Andrabi KI, John R. 2017. Calendula officinalis - an important medicinal plant with potential biological properties. Proc Indian Natn Sci Acad 83: 769-787.
Janaki Ammal EK, Sobti SN 1962. Chromosome relationship in Calendula species. Proc Indian Acad Sci 55(3): 128-130.
Khalid KA, de Silva JAT. 2012. Biology of Calendula officinalis Linn.: focus on pharmacology, biological activities and agronomic practices. Med Aromatic Plant Sci. Biotechnol 6(1): 12-27.
Khan MU, Rohilla A, Bhatt D, Afrin S, Rohilla S, Ansari SH. 2011. Diverse belongings of Calendula officinalis: an overview. Int J Pharm Sci Drug Res 3(3): 173-177.
Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg AA. 1964. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas 52: 201-220.
Malallah GA, Brown G. 1999. Determination of chromosome number of Kuwaiti Flora I. Cytologia 64: 181-196.
Miri SM, Shamsolshoara Y. 2019. Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Astragalus species. 2nd National Conference Medicinal Plants and Species Affecting the Fatty Liver, 13 June 2019, Tehran, Iran.
Muley BP, Khadabadi SS, Banarase NB. 2009. Phytochemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Calendula officinalis Linn (Asteraceae): A               Review. Trop J Pharm Res 8(5): 455-465.
Nora S, Castro S, Loureiro J, Gonçalves AC, Oliveira H, Santos C, Silveira P. 2013. Flow cytometric and karyological analyses of Calendula species from Iberian Peninsula. Plant Syst Evol 299:853-864.
Reeves G, Francist D, Davies MS, Rogers HJ, Hodkinson TR. 1998. Genome size is negatively correlated with altitude in natural populations of Dactylis glomerata. Ann Bot 82: 99-105.
Roughani A, Miri SM. 2018. Lepidium species as antidiabetic herbal medicines. The First National Congress and International Fair of Medicinal Plants and Strategies for Persian Medicine that Affect Diabetes, 9-11 October 2018, Mashhad, Iran.
Roughani A, Miri SM, Hassandokht MR, Moradi P, Abdossi V. 2018a. Agro-morphological study on several accessions of garden cress (Lepidium sativum-Brassiaceae) in Iran. Pak J Bot 50(2): 655-660.
Roughani A, Miri SM, Hassandokht MR, Moradi P, Abdossi V. 2018b. Morphological variation of some Lepidium draba and L. latifolium populations. Taiwania 63(1): 41-48.
Samatadze TE, Zoshchuk SA, Hazieva FM, Yurkevich OY, Svistunova NY, Morozov AI, Amosova AV, Muravenko OV. 2019. Phenotypic and molecular cytogenetic variability in calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) cultivars and mutant lines obtained viachemical mutagenesis. Sci Rep 9(9155). doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45738-3.
Savaş Tuna GS, Başer İ, Tuna T. 2019. Genome size variation among natural populations of Brachypodium distachyon and B. hybridum collected from different regions of Turkey. Turk J Bot 43: 196-207.
Soliman MI. 2003. Genetic diversity of achene heteromorphism in Egyptian Calendula micrantha Tineo et Guss. Asian J Plant Sci 2(10): 782-789.
Verma PK, Raina R, Agarwal S, Kour H. 2018. Phytochemical ingredients and pharmacological potential of Calendula officinalis Linn. Pharm Biomed Res 4(2): 1-17.
Vogt R, Aparicio A. 1999. Chromosome numbers of plants collected during Iter Mediterraneum IV in Cyprus. Bocconea 1: 117-169.
Journal of Genetic Resources
Volume 6, Issue 1
2020
Pages 34-40

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics